03004nas a2200769   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260003700043100002200080700001100102700001800113700001800131700001400149700001600163700001100179700001500190700001400205700001200219700001400231700001700245700001400262700001300276700001500289700001700304700001400321700001700335700001400352700001400366700001800380700001400398700001600412700001300428700001300441700002300454700001600477700001400493700001500507700001400522700001400536700001500550700001600565700001600581700001500597700001400612700001900626700001400645700001400659700001500673700001500688700001700703700001600720700001200736700001400748700001800762700001400780700002100794700001600815700001300831700001700844700001500861245009100876856003800967300001201005490000601017520119701023020001402220       2009                            d  c02/2009bNature Publishing Group1 aClaire Waelbroeck1 aA Paul1 aMichal Kucera1 aRosell-Mel\ e1 aM Weinelt1 aR Schneider1 aA. Mix1 aA Abelmann1 aL. Armand1 aE. Bard1 aS. Barker1 aT.T. Barrows1 aH. Benway1 aI. Cacho1 aM.-T. Chen1 aIan Croudace1 aX. Crosta1 aA. de Vernal1 aT. Dokken1 aJ. Duprat1 aH. Elderfield1 aF. Eynaud1 aR. Gersonde1 aA. Hayes1 aM. Henry1 aC. Hillaire-Marcel1 aC.-C. Huang1 aE. Jansen1 aS. Juggins1 aN. Kallel1 aT. Kiefer1 aM. Kienast1 aL. Labeyrie1 aH. Leclaire1 aL. Londeix1 aS. Mangin1 aJ. Matthiessen1 aF. Marret1 aM. Meland1 aA.E. Morey1 aS. Mulitza1 aU. Pflaumann1 aN.G. Pisias1 aT. Radi1 aA. Rochon1 aEelco Rohling1 aL. Sbaffi1 aC. Schäfer-Neth1 aS. Solignac1 aH. Spero1 aK. Tachikawa1 aJ.-L Turon00aConstraints on the magnitude and patterns of ocean cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo411  a127-1320 v23 a<p>Observation-based reconstructions of sea surface temperature from relatively stable periods in the past, such as the Last Glacial Maximum, represent an important means of constraining climate sensitivity and evaluating model simulations. The first quantitative global reconstruction of sea surface temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum was developed by the Climate Long-Range Investigation, Mapping and Prediction (CLIMAP) project in the 1970s and 1980s. Since that time, several shortcomings of that earlier effort have become apparent. Here we present an updated synthesis of sea surface temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum, rigorously defined as the period between 23 and 19 thousand years before present, from the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) project. We integrate microfossil and geochemical reconstructions of surface temperatures and include assessments of the reliability of individual records. Our reconstruction reveals the presence of large longitudinal gradients in sea surface temperature in all of the ocean basins, in contrast to the simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum climate available at present.</p>  a1752-0894