Submarine pyroclastic deposits formed during the 20th May 2006 dome collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat

The 20th May 2006 lava dome collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, had a total non-dense rock equivalent (non-DRE) collapse volume of approximately 115 \texttimes 10⁶ m³. The majority of this volume was deposited into the ocean. The collapse was rapid, 85\% of the mobilized volume being removed in just 35 min, giving peak pyroclastic flow flux of 66 \texttimes 10³ m³ s^-1. Channel and levee facies on the submarine flanks of the volcano and formation of a thick, steep-sided ridge, suggest that the largest and most dense blocks were transported proximally as a high concentration granular flow. Of the submerged volume, 30\% was deposited from the base of this granular flow, forming a linear, high-relief ridge that extends 7 km from shore. The remaining 70\% of the submerged volume comprises the finer grain sizes, which were transported at least 40 km by turbidity currents on gradients of 2\textdegree. At several localities, the May 2006 distal turbidity currents ran up 200 m of topography and eroded up to 20 cm of underlying substrate. Multiple turbidites are preserved, representing current reflection from the graben margins and deflection around topography. The high energy of the May 2006 collapse resulted in longer submarine run out than the larger (210 \texttimes 10⁶ m³) Soufrière Hills dome collapse in July 2003.